Diagnostic parasite morphology under light microscopy
PARASITE SYSTEMATICS & DISEASE ECOLOGY

Society for Evolutionary
Parasite Systematics

Image becomes evidence.

We investigate parasite diversity and host associations through comparative morphology, preserved specimens, and reproducible visual evidence.

Preserved specimensExpert reviewTraceable records
THE SPECIMEN COMES FIRST

Anatomy is the starting point.

Detailed microscopy makes parasite structures visible and gives comparative research something concrete to examine.

Explore how we document morphology →
Annotated scanning electron micrograph of a trematode, with numbered callouts and the original instrument scale.
Figure 1 · Trematode under SEMSupplied anatomical annotations shown for illustration; the original instrument labels are retained.SEM imaging: M. en C. María Berenit Mendoza Garfias · Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM).
Open full figure ↗
SEPS IN YOUR POCKETOpen SEPS MobileLocal image-readiness tools · research prototype

Mission:

To understand parasite diversity and its place in changing host communities.

SEPS is a nonprofit research organization focused on parasite systematics and disease ecology. Our work connects field observations with comparative morphology, taxonomy, and preserved specimens to investigate neglected and understudied parasites. Computer vision supports this research by organizing images and measurements for expert review.

Building on this foundation, we aim to advance parasite systematics and translate that knowledge into affordable, accessible imaging tools that strengthen diagnostic capacity. Our long-term goal is to develop and validate approaches suited to settings with limited laboratory infrastructure, including those equipped with a smartphone and a microscope, to support reliable parasite identification and efforts to combat parasitic neglected tropical diseases worldwide.

Florida nonprofit organization · U.S. 501(c)(3)

OUR RESEARCH

Parasites, hosts, and the evidence between them.

01

Document diversity

Which parasites occur in sampled hosts, and which anatomical characters support their identification?

02

Resolve host associations

How do parasite records vary among hosts and collection sites? Observed associations provide a starting point for testing transmission and host-switching hypotheses.

03

Test identification methods

Do conventional measurements, geometric morphometrics, and computer vision add reliable identification value when compared with expert morphological review?

OUR INTEGRATED METHODOLOGY

SEPS:PRISM

Parasite Recognition through Integrated Specimen Morphology

FieldView, TEGUMENT, HookFuse, and FUZZARIA connect specimen images, diagnostic measurements, evidence quality, and expert review.

Explore the SEPS:PRISM workflow
EXPLORE

From specimen to record.

The images, diagnostic structures, and documentation behind our research.

THE STANDARD

Evidence first.
Confidence earned.

Three RO views connect the original capture, proposed anatomical labels, and expert judgment.

Numbered RO image with proposed callouts to open for human review 03 EXPERT INTERPRETATIONReview stays humanOpen a number, compare the proposed label, and record your review notes.Open numbered review
BUILT TO DELIVER

Durable research infrastructure, from field collection to reviewable record.

01

Field-to-voucher research infrastructure

02

Comparative morphology and curated visual evidence

03

Reproducible visual evidence through the SEPS:PRISM methodology

04

Measurable outputs

Preserved vouchers Traceable datasets Diagnostic image atlases Peer-reviewed records GIS/data products Agency-ready implementation tools
Whole nematode – microscope field
FLAGSHIP PILOT

South Florida
Parasite Systematics

Field → image → evidence.

Field validation, voucher generation, reproducible data products and agency-ready outputs.

Diagnostic parasite structure under microscopy
THE SEPS METHODOLOGY

SEPS:PRISM

Parasite Recognition through Integrated Specimen Morphology

THE SCIENTIFIC FOUNDATION

A specimen anchors every analysis.

SEPS:PRISM is our integrated methodology for specimen imaging, morphological measurement, and evidence assessment. FieldView supports acquisition, TEGUMENT prepares image evidence, HookFuse examines diagnostic morphology, and FUZZARIA assesses uncertainty and reporting limits. Taxonomic interpretation remains grounded in diagnostic anatomy, reference literature, and expert review.

Each record connects the available images to the host, collection event, preservation history, and voucher. Missing information remains visible. Molecular evidence can be linked when it is available and appropriate to the question.

DEVELOPMENT STATUS

This page describes the SEPS:PRISM methodology and its development requirements. Prototype image-processing changes, proposed robustness pilots, and biological validation are distinct. The workflow diagram does not establish validated automated identification or measured end-to-end performance.

SEPS:PRISM IN PRACTICE

From image to outline.

Explore one specimen photograph, its provisional mask, and a mathematical description of the extracted boundary.

Unaltered crop of the selected curved specimen in the source photograph.
Original imageA crop of the source photograph, retaining the specimen and its surrounding context.
View the full source photograph ↗
STRUCTURES AND SHAPE

From anatomical detail to a shape record.

A close view documents the structures in an image. Outlines and landmark placements show different ways to record shape for comparison.

Brightfield nematode detail with supplied numbered anatomical callouts.
Figure 2 · A closer look at anatomyBrightfield microscopy with the supplied callouts spaced evenly for reading.
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Three-panel trematode example comparing an outline, semilandmarks along the boundary, and illustrative landmark placements.
Figure 3 · Outlines and landmark placementsThree views of the same specimen: contour, semilandmarks, and proposed anatomical landmarks.
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Illustrative examples. Anatomical labels and landmark correspondence require expert review. The additional scale bars displayed in Figure 3 have not been independently verified. View the original annotated SEM plate ↗

HOW SEPS:PRISM CONNECTS THE EVIDENCE

From source image to reviewed record.

FieldView and laboratory uploads enter the same specimen-linked workflow. TEGUMENT is the first processing phase within SEPS:PRISM.

FieldView

Original field photographs, host context, specimen identity, and capture quality.

Laboratory upload

Existing microscopy images, specimen metadata, and calibration where available.

Link the record and select the task

Egg microscopy and adult-worm or hook analysis use separate profiles. Unsupported inputs may remain unresolved.

  1. PHASE 1

    TEGUMENT

    Segment the specimen and prepare linked image evidence. Review boundaries and retain the original image.

  2. PHASE 2 · WHEN REQUIRED BY THE TASK

    HookFuse

    Review diagnostic structures, outlines, landmarks, and measurements. Track uncertainty in the contour and its measurements.

  3. PHASE 3

    Candidate comparison

    Use a supported task model or reference comparison when available. The egg profile bypasses adult-worm and hook extraction.

  4. PHASE 4 · QUALITY CHECKS ALSO APPLY UPSTREAM

    FUZZARIA

    Assess evidence quality, diagnostic coverage, calibration, provenance, and disagreement. A high model score cannot override missing diagnostic evidence.

  5. PHASE 5

    Expert review

    Inspect the evidence and record a supported conclusion, a correction request, or an unresolved result.

  6. PHASE 6

    Evidence export

    Keep the source image, derived views, measurements, quality flags, and review history connected in the specimen record.

Correction path: a reviewer can request a new capture, a corrected mask, or a revised outline. Automated feedback and reprocessing remain proposed work.

ROBUSTNESS REFINEMENTS

Check the evidence at every phase.

These requirements guide development and validation. They describe what must be demonstrated before a feature or identification claim is released.

ACQUISITION REQUIREMENTS

FieldView

Retain originals and failed acquisitions, separate capture failure from no detection, and keep outputs linked to the current image. Offline recovery and delayed or stale outputs require device testing.

PROTOTYPE CHANGES AND PROPOSED PILOTS

TEGUMENT

Reported whole-worm prototype changes separate specimen outlines and confine internal contrast patches to their selected outlines. Boundary preservation and thin-structure continuity need anatomical review; contrast patches are not confirmed anatomy.

MORPHOLOGY REQUIREMENTS

HookFuse

Preserve fine attachment structures, review contour uncertainty, and carry that uncertainty into measurements. Shape comparison requires comparable views and reviewed traces. Retrieved look-alike images support expert inspection rather than establish identity.

EVIDENCE AND RELEASE REQUIREMENTS

FUZZARIA

Keep quality dimensions and contradictory evidence visible. Assess boundary and anatomical errors separately from mask overlap. Unsupported inputs can be rejected; an unresolved outcome is acceptable. Restored or generated anatomical detail is inadmissible identification evidence.

Spatial coverage for selecting review examples, constrained thin-structure tracing, measurement-uncertainty propagation, and FieldView response-time checks remain proposed pilots until tested on relevant SEPS specimens or devices. The methodology does not treat those pilots as completed validation.

WHAT EACH ANALYSIS CONTRIBUTES

Methods with an explicit purpose.

Comparative morphology and conventional morphometrics

Diagnostic anatomy is compared with taxonomic descriptions, keys, and appropriate reference specimens. Calibrated lengths, widths, angles, and ratios are recorded where the structures and views support them. Hook geometry and other attachment structures are a focused application within HookFuse.

Measurements retain their units, calibration source, view, and reviewer. Missing calibration prevents claims about absolute physical size. Incomplete anatomy or conflicting metadata limits the taxonomic conclusion.

Geometric morphometrics and outline analysis

The proposed extension uses anatomically corresponding landmarks and reviewed semilandmarks to compare shape. Generalized Procrustes alignment removes differences in position, rotation, and overall scale; size is retained separately so allometry can be investigated.

Principal component analysis can describe shape variation without establishing species identity. Elliptic Fourier analysis is an optional branch for suitable closed outlines. View, orientation, preservation, and tracing error must be controlled before comparisons are interpreted.

Computer vision and Vision Transformers

TEGUMENT organizes conservative image preparation, segmentation, and diagnostic-region review. Masks must preserve the anatomy needed for identification and measurement. Original photographs remain available alongside every processed derivative.

Vision Transformers are a proposed computer-vision extension for learning image features and testing candidate classification or reference-image comparison. Attention maps alone do not establish an anatomical explanation. Model version, reference data, preprocessing, and review status accompany any experimental output.

FUZZARIA and expert review

FUZZARIA organizes evidence adequacy and uncertainty to prioritize review. The proposed integration retains separate assessments for image quality, diagnostic coverage, calibration, and provenance, with explicit notes when analyses disagree.

Insufficient evidence can lead to recapture, further examination, or an unresolved record. No-detection images and inadequate acquisitions are retained with distinct outcomes. A model detecting no target is not, by itself, evidence that a host is uninfected.

PROPOSED VALIDATION

Does each added method improve identification?

The pilot compares conventional morphology and measurements with the added value of geometric morphometrics, Vision Transformers, and their combination. Expert-reviewed references are required before performance is reported.

Independent evaluation

Repeated images of a specimen remain in one data partition. Host and collection grouping are respected where required by the study design.

Separate endpoints

Detection, measurement error, shape repeatability, and taxonomic classification are evaluated separately. Unresolved cases remain visible.

COMPONENTS WITHIN SEPS:PRISM

Tools that serve the specimen.

SEPS:PRISM names the complete methodology. FieldView documents acquisition, TEGUMENT prepares visual evidence, HookFuse organizes diagnostic characters, and FUZZARIA supports review. Lens is the separate mobile image-readiness interface, not an extra processing phase.

Microscope detail
LOCAL IMAGE PREVIEW

Preserve first.
Interpret later.

Image preview only. No record is saved and no file is uploaded. Use the documentation template to prepare a linked record.

VISUAL RESEARCH ARCHIVE

Archive

Original views, diagnostic details, and linked documentation.

Parasite specimen detail Whole parasite specimens

These are image entries. Physical specimen identity, host association, and voucher linkage require verification. R-001, R-006, and R-017 now open structured draft records; their missing fields are shown explicitly.

Whole parasite specimensR-001Whole specimen contextDraft record Pentastome anterior – brightfield R-006Pentastome anterior – brightfieldDraft record SEM evidence composite R-017SEM evidence compositeDraft record
SEPS RESEARCH RECORD

Publications.

Coming soon.

A formal SEPS publication index will appear here as papers, natural history notes, technical reports and conference materials are released.

Nematode under light microscopy

About SEPS

Whole trematode specimen cleared with ethanol and stained with paracarmine, viewed by brightfield microscopy at 10× magnification
Whole trematode specimen, cleared with ethanol and stained with paracarmine. Brightfield microscopy, 10× magnification.
Nematode buccal capsule cleared in glycerin, with cuticle and oesophagus visible in detail, viewed by brightfield microscopy at 40× magnification
Nematode buccal capsule, cleared in glycerin, with the cuticle and oesophagus visible in detail. Brightfield microscopy, 40× magnification.
SEPS

Society for Evolutionary Parasite Systematics

Parasite diversity.
Documented carefully.

SEPS is a U.S. 501(c)(3) nonprofit research organization focused on parasite systematics and disease ecology. Comparative morphology, taxonomy, ecology, and preserved specimens guide our work on neglected and understudied parasites. Computer vision and quantitative shape analysis support these scientific questions.

Building on this foundation, we aim to advance parasite systematics and translate that knowledge into affordable, accessible imaging tools that strengthen diagnostic capacity. Our long-term goal is to develop and validate approaches suited to settings with limited laboratory infrastructure, including those equipped with a smartphone and a microscope, to support reliable parasite identification and efforts to combat parasitic neglected tropical diseases worldwide.

Visual evidence plate
A visual evidence plate for expert review.
COLLABORATE WITH SEPS

Connect specimens, expertise, and research.

For research partnerships, specialist review, and questions about specimens or images, contact M.R. Dwyer, Director of Research & Development.

Email SEPS

administrator@seps.org

Society for Evolutionary Parasite Systematics
3255 NW 94th Ave, PO Box 8203
Coral Springs, FL 33065
Raw image → reviewable record evidence visual
SEPS EVIDENCE CHAIN

Raw image → reviewable record

TEGUMENT standardizes the image. HookFuse organizes diagnostic morphology. FUZZARIA controls how strongly the evidence may be reported.

TEGUMENTHookFuseFUZZARIA